Europe | Size matters

Germany’s mind-bending electoral maths

The more parties qualify for parliament, the harder for Friedrich Merz to form a coalition

Election campaign posters
Photograph: Getty Images
|BERLIN

IT HAS been a dramatic few months in Germany. November saw the collapse of the three-party coalition led by Olaf Scholz, triggering an early election that will take place on February 23rd. Then, last month, the campaign was given a jolt by the decision of Friedrich Merz, head of the opposition conservative Christian Democrats (cdu), to push anti-immigration motions through the Bundestag with support from the hard-right Alternative for Germany (afd). For many, including hundreds of thousands that took to the streets in protest, Mr Merz had violated a long-standing taboo against working with extremists.

Explore more

This article appeared in the Europe section of the print edition under the headline “Size matters”

From the February 22nd 2025 edition

Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents

Explore the edition
A collage of Trump and on one side and Zelensky and Starmer huugging on the other. There are pieces of maps around too.

The dangerous tension in Europe’s response to Trump

By trying to stop the rift, Europe may hasten it

Illustration of Germany’s black eagle emblem with Friedrich Merz's head, his feathers are starting to get ratty and falling out

Can Friedrich Merz get Europe out of its funk?

A new Merz-mentum could reboot the Franco-German motor at the heart of the EU


Ukrainian soldiers fire with 2S22 Bohdana self-propelled howitzer on Russian positionin Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine

Can Europe keep Ukraine in the fight if America really has bailed?

Investing in Ukraine’s own weapons industry will be the best bet


The War Room newsletter: After the White House debacle, what next?

As Trump suspends military aid, what are the chokeholds on Ukraine?

The war-torn country can substitute some—but nothing like all—of the kit it gets from America

Europe vows to defend Ukraine, but prays for Trump’s support

A summit in London is stalked by the fear America will walk away